Ake sihlaziye izinzuzo nezinkinga zalezi zibani lapha.
1.Amalambu e-incandescent
Izibani ze-incandescent nazo zibizwa ngokuthi ama-light bulbs. Isebenza ngokukhiqiza ukushisa lapho ugesi udlula emculweni. Lapho izinga lokushisa liphakeme le-filament, ukukhanya kuphuma ngokugqama. Ibizwa ngokuthi isibani se-incandescent.
Uma isibani se-incandescent sikhipha ukukhanya, inani elikhulu lamandla kagesi liguqulwa libe amandla okushisa, futhi inani elincane kakhulu lingaguqulwa libe amandla okukhanya awusizo.
Ukukhanya okukhishwa amalambu e-incandescent kuwukukhanya okunemibala egcwele, kodwa isilinganiso sokwakheka kokukhanya kombala ngamunye sinqunywa impahla ye-luminescent (tungsten) nezinga lokushisa.
Ukuphila kwesibani se-incandescent kuhlobene nokushisa kwe-filament, ngoba ukushisa okuphezulu, kulula ukuthi i-filament izoba yi-sublimate. Lapho i-tungsten wire is sublimated ibe mncane ngokuqhathaniswa, kulula ukuvutha ngemva kokunikwa amandla, ngaleyo ndlela iqede ukuphila kwesibani. Ngakho-ke, amandla aphezulu esibani se-incandescent, isikhathi sokuphila sifushane.
Ukungalungi: Kuzo zonke izinto zokukhanyisa ezisebenzisa ugesi, amalambu e-incandescent yiwona asebenza kahle kakhulu. Ingxenye encane kuphela yamandla kagesi ewadlayo ingaguqulwa ibe amandla alula, futhi amanye alahleke ngendlela yamandla okushisa. Ngokuqondene nesikhathi sokukhanyisa, isikhathi sokuphila salezi zibani ngokuvamile asikho ngaphezu kwamahora angu-1000.
2. izibani ze-fluorescent
Indlela esebenza ngayo: Ishubhu le-fluorescent limane liyishubhu elivaliwe lokukhipha igesi.
Ishubhu le-fluorescent lincike kuma-athomu e-mercury weshubhu lesibani ukuze akhulule imisebe ye-ultraviolet ngenqubo yokukhipha igesi. Cishe u-60% wokusetshenziswa kukagesi ungaguqulwa ube ukukhanya kwe-UV. Amanye amandla aguqulwa abe amandla okushisa.
I-fluorescent substance engaphakathi kweshubhu le-fluorescent idonsa imisebe ye-ultraviolet futhi ikhiphe ukukhanya okubonakalayo. Izinto ze-fluorescent ezihlukene zikhipha ukukhanya okuhlukile okubonakalayo.
Ngokuvamile, ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo cishe ku-40%. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kahle kwesibani se-fluorescent cishe ku-60% x 40% = 24%.
Ukungalungi: Ububi beizibani ze-fluorescentukuthi inqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo ngemva kokuchithwa, ikakhulukazi ukungcola kwe-mercury, akuhambisani nemvelo. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo, ukungcola kwe-amalgam kuyancishiswa kancane kancane.
3. izibani ezonga amandla
Izibani ezonga amandla, eyaziwa nangokuthi izibani ze-compact fluorescent (ezifushanisiwe ngokuthiIzibani ze-CFLphesheya), ibe nezinzuzo zokusebenza kahle okuphezulu okukhanyayo (izikhathi ezi-5 zama-bulb ajwayelekile), umphumela osobala wokonga amandla, nempilo ende (izikhathi eziphindwe ka-8 zama-bulb ajwayelekile). Usayizi omncane futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Isebenza ngokuyisisekelo ngokufana nesibani se-fluorescent.
Ukubi: Imisebe ye-electromagnetic yezibani ezonga amandla nayo ivela ekuphenduleni kwe-ionization yama-electron negesi ye-mercury. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izibani ezonga amandla zidinga ukwengeza ama-phosphors angavamile emhlabeni. Ngenxa ye-radioactivity ye-phosphor yomhlaba engavamile, izibani ezonga amandla zizokhiqiza imisebe ye-ionizing. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokungaqiniseki kwemisebe ye-electromagnetic, ukulimala kwemisebe eyeqile emzimbeni womuntu kubaluleke kakhulu ukunakwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokunqunywa kwesimiso sokusebenza kwezibani zokonga amandla, i-mercury ku-tube yesibani nakanjani ibe umthombo oyinhloko wokungcola.
4.Izibani ze-LED
I-LED (I-Light Emitting Diode), i-light-emitting diode, iyisisetshenziswa se-semiconductor yesimo esiqinile esingaguqula amandla kagesi abe ukukhanya okubonakalayo, okungaguqula ngokuqondile ugesi ube ukukhanya. Inhliziyo ye-LED iyi-chip ye-semiconductor, umkhawulo owodwa we-chip unamathiselwe kubakaki, umkhawulo owodwa i-electrode engalungile, kanti enye ixhunywe ku-electrode enhle yokunikezwa kwamandla, ukuze yonke i-chip ihlanganiswe. nge-epoxy resin.
I-wafer ye-semiconductor inezingxenye ezimbili, ingxenye eyodwa i-semiconductor yohlobo lwe-P, lapho izimbobo zibusa khona, kanti enye isiphetho i-semiconductor yohlobo lwe-N, lapho ama-electron eyinhloko. Kodwa lapho ama-semiconductors amabili exhunyiwe, kwakheka ukuhlangana kwe-PN phakathi kwawo. Lapho ukusebenza kwamanje ku-wafer ngocingo, ama-electron azophushwa aye endaweni engu-P, lapho ama-electron nezimbobo kuhlangana khona, bese ekhipha amandla ngendlela yama-photons, okuyisimiso sokukhishwa kokukhanya kwe-LED. Ubude begagasi bokukhanya, okubuye kube umbala wokukhanya, bunqunywa into eyenza ukuhlangana kwe-PN.
Ukungalungi: Izibani ze-LED zibiza kakhulu kunezinye izinto zokukhanyisa.
Kafushane, izibani ze-LED zinezinzuzo eziningi ngaphezu kwezinye izibani, futhi izibani ze-LED zizoba ukukhanya okujwayelekile esikhathini esizayo.